Safest Cities in America: How We Rank Them

Why City Safety Rankings Exist

Millions of Americans consider crime rates when choosing where to live, raise children, start a business, or retire. Search queries like "safest cities in America," "safest places to live," and "cities with lowest crime" are among the most common in relocation research. Rankings attempt to answer this demand with a digestible, comparable metric.

The challenge is that safety is multidimensional. A single number, no matter how carefully calculated, cannot capture every factor that makes a place feel safe. Rankings are a starting point for research, not a final verdict. PlainCrime publishes its rankings with full methodological transparency so you can evaluate the data for yourself.

Our Data Source: FBI UCR

Compiled by the " research team.

PlainCrime uses crime data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program, the nation's most comprehensive and standardized source of crime statistics. The data covers offenses reported to law enforcement agencies across the country.

Key characteristics of the data:

• Coverage: 19,585 law enforcement agencies participate, representing approximately 98% of the U.S. population.
• Standardization: All agencies use the same offense definitions, allowing cross-jurisdictional comparison.
• Scope: Eight Part I (index) offenses are tracked: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson.
• Limitation: Participation is voluntary. Some agencies submit incomplete data, report for only part of the year, or do not participate.

For a deeper explanation of how the UCR program works, see our guide on FBI crime statistics explained.

The Safety Score Formula

PlainCrime's safety score combines two components:

The weighting reflects research consensus that personal safety concerns (violent crime) tend to outweigh property concerns in residential decision-making, while acknowledging that property crime significantly affects quality of life and economic well-being.

Each component is normalized against the national average so that a score of 100 represents average safety. Scores above 100 indicate below-average crime (safer); scores below 100 indicate above-average crime (less safe). You can see safety scores for specific cities on their individual pages or explore the full safety score rankings.

Factors We Consider

Beyond the raw crime rate, our ranking methodology accounts for several data quality factors:

1. Population threshold. We exclude very small jurisdictions where a single incident can produce extreme per-capita rates. A town of 1,200 people with one aggravated assault has a violent crime rate of 83 per 100,000, technically below the national average. But add one more assault, and the rate doubles. These fluctuations do not reflect meaningful changes in safety.
2. Reporting completeness. Agencies must have reported for the full 12-month period to be included. Partial-year reporters understate their true crime volume, which would unfairly bias them toward the "safe" end of rankings.
3. Data recency. We use the most recent complete year of FBI data available. Crime patterns change, a city that was safe five years ago may not be today, and vice versa.
4. Consistent definitions. The FBI's revised rape definition (2013) broadened the scope of what counts as rape. We use data under the revised definition where available for consistency.

What Our Rankings Don't Capture

Transparency about limitations is as important as the methodology itself. Our safety rankings do not account for:

• Neighborhood-level variation. A city ranked as "safe" overall may contain neighborhoods with significantly higher crime, and a city ranked as "dangerous" may contain very safe neighborhoods. City-level rates are averages across the entire jurisdiction.
• Unreported crime. FBI data only counts crimes reported to police. Nationally, only about 40% of violent crimes and 30% of property crimes are reported. Reporting rates vary by community, meaning some "safe" cities may simply have lower reporting.
• Non-index crimes. Drug offenses, fraud, identity theft, cybercrime, domestic violence, and many other offenses are not included in Part I crime rates. A city with low robbery but high drug activity may feel very unsafe despite a good Part I rate.
• Perception and context. Well-lit streets, active community organizations, visible police presence, and economic vitality all contribute to safety perception. Two cities with identical crime rates can feel very different to residents.
• Commuter and tourist populations. Cities with large daytime populations (commuters, tourists) have their crime rate calculated against the smaller resident population, artificially inflating the per-capita rate. Las Vegas, Orlando, and Washington D.C. are classic examples.

How to Use Rankings Wisely

City safety rankings are most useful as a filter for further research, not as a final answer. Here is a practical approach:

1. Use rankings to create a shortlist of cities that meet your safety comfort level. PlainCrime's safest cities ranking is a good starting point.
2. Dig into individual city pages to see the breakdown of violent vs property crime, multi-year trends, and specific offense rates.
3. Research at the neighborhood level. Local police departments often publish precinct-level crime maps that show crime distribution within the city.
4. Cross-reference with other data. Consider housing costs (HUD Fair Market Rents), school quality (NCES school data), and cost of living (BLS price data).
5. Visit in person. No amount of data substitutes for walking a neighborhood, talking to residents, and observing daily life.

Why Rankings Differ Between Sources

If you search for "safest cities," you will find different lists from different publishers. This is not because some are wrong, it is because they use different methodologies:

• Different population minimums. Some lists require 25,000 residents; others use 50,000 or 100,000. The threshold dramatically affects which cities appear.
• Different weighting. Some rank purely by violent crime rate. Others combine violent and property crime equally. Some add factors like police staffing ratios or hate crime data.
• Different data years. FBI data has a 12-18 month lag. Two publications using different data years will produce different results.
• Estimated vs reported data. Some publishers use FBI-estimated totals (which adjust for non-reporting agencies) while others use only raw reported data.
• Additional factors. Some incorporate socioeconomic data, incarceration rates, or even subjective survey data into their rankings.

PlainCrime uses raw reported FBI data without estimation adjustments, applies population minimums, and weights violent crime more heavily than property crime. Our full methodology is described above so you can compare it against other sources.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does PlainCrime rank the safest cities?

PlainCrime ranks cities using a composite safety score that combines violent crime rate and property crime rate per 100,000 population from FBI UCR data. Violent crime is weighted more heavily (approximately 70/30) because it represents direct physical risk to individuals. Only cities meeting minimum population and reporting completeness thresholds are included.

What population minimum is used for city safety rankings?

PlainCrime applies a minimum population threshold to filter out statistical noise from very small jurisdictions. A town of 2,000 people where one serious crime occurs can produce extreme per-capita rates that don't reflect systematic safety patterns. Our rankings require sufficient population for the rate to be statistically meaningful.

Why do different websites show different "safest cities" lists?

Safest-city rankings vary because of methodological differences: different population minimums, different weighting of violent vs property crime, different data years, whether estimated or raw data is used, and whether additional factors like police staffing or socioeconomic indicators are included. Always check the methodology behind any ranking before drawing conclusions.

Can I trust city safety rankings for relocation decisions?

Rankings are a useful starting point but should never be the sole factor. A city ranking as "safe" overall may have neighborhoods with high crime, and a city ranking poorly may have very safe areas. Visit in person, research specific neighborhoods, check school quality and housing costs, and talk to local residents. Use rankings to narrow your search, not to make final decisions.

Does a low crime rate mean a city is actually safe?

A low crime rate indicates fewer reported crimes per capita, but safety involves more than police statistics. Traffic fatality rates, natural disaster exposure, healthcare access, and economic stability all contribute to how safe a community feels. Additionally, crime data only captures reported offenses, a city with low reporting rates may appear safer than it is.